• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    safety device and elevator device. The present invention relates to a safety device for lifting devices which, by means of a drive (m), can move a cabin, comprising: a first safety circuit (16,26) which has a closed and an open line state; with an interrupt device (12, 15) for interrupting the line state dependent operation of the first safety circuit, a safety equipment (14) comprising at least two sensors (10) which depending on the state of closing of the elevator door may be switched between at least two switching states. In order to reduce maintenance susceptibility, there is a switching unit (15, 25) which together with the safety equipment (14) can be switched between at least two switching states and which is designed to provide the status - and closed line of the first safety circuit.
    公开号:BR102012031711A2
    申请号:R102012031711
    申请日:2012-12-12
    公开日:2019-01-08
    发明作者:De Coi Beat；Hersche Dumeng；Hegelbach Jürg；Leutenegger Tobias
    申请人:Cedes Ag；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    Invention Patent Descriptive Report for SAFETY DEVICE AND ELEVATOR DEVICE.
    The present invention relates to a safety device for lifting devices according to the preamble of claim 1, a lifting device according to the preamble of claim 11, and a retrofitting process according to the preamble of claim 13 and to a retrofit device. From the state of the art, commercially available safety devices for elevators are known that use electrical and electromechanical contacts and switches in order to determine the locking or closing state of an elevator door. Therefore, the movement of an elevator car should only be allowed when all doors are locked. If, for example, an elevator door is blocked and cannot be closed, the cabin cannot continue its journey. In order to achieve this, in the commercially available lifting devices, the respective electromechanical switch on the door opens a switch that is connected to the drive circuit, directly interrupting the drive, interrupting, for example, through the switch, the electric current supply of the motor drive.
    The present invention aims to suggest a safety device and an elevator device where maintenance susceptibility can be improved and maintenance simplified.
    The objective is solved by starting from a safety device of an elevator device and a retrofitting process or a retrofitting device of the type initially mentioned, through the characteristics (characteristics) of claims 1, 11, 13 and 16.
    With the provisions mentioned in the independent claims, improvements and advantageous implementations of the present invention become possible.
    Accordingly, a safety device for lifting devices which, by means of a drive, can move a cabin comprising: a first safety circuit which has a closed line state and an open one, with an interruption device for
    2/27 interrupt the drive depending on the line status of the first safety circuit, and additional safety equipment that comprises at least two sensors that depend on a state, especially a closing state, for example, the door lift, can be switched between at least two switching states, it is characterized by the fact that there is a switching unit that, through the connection to the safety equipment, can be switched between at least two switching states, the switching unit comprising a transmission device for transmitting data and / or control signals to the control unit. In principle, measured values can be transmitted in the form of digital or analog data, sensor or controller identification codes, commands or the like. Transmission can also happen in the form of specific protocols.
    In principle, the sensors could also be run to determine a state, for example, an upper limit value for the engine temperature.
    In addition, the switching unit is designed to provide the closed and / or open line status of the first safety circuit. The interrupting device serves to interrupt the actuation, the interruption depending on how the switching states of the switching unit are and, in addition, on other switches in the first safety circuit, that is, it depends on whether all the doors actually are are fought. Through this provision, maintenance susceptibility and safety of the elevator can be improved respectively. In addition, the switching unit through the connection to the control unit can directly transmit data and / or control signals to it. In this way, it is possible that these data are directly available to the control unit, for example, and can be indicated. In the case of maintenance, it can be indicated or read directly on the control unit, for example, on the elevator control, where the safety circuit is blocked, where a delivery of the elevator does not close or can no longer be locked, where on the security / safety equipment occurred
    3/27 a failure or if all sensors work correctly. In this, the cooperation of the sensors is decisive, which now, unlike electromechanical switches, no longer cause any interruption of a circuit, as signals can be transmitted to the control unit or to the elevator control, which can then be used directly. In this way, the safety equipment is a construction unit that works independently, and even so the control unit / elevator control can be permanently supplied with information on which operating state currently exists or whether an interruption or a blockage has occurred. .
    In particular, can the elevator control / control unit that controls the travel of the cabin by regulating the motor additionally adjust the regulation of the motor in such a way that, for example, in the event of an interruption, the cabin after the end of the interruption can resume your trip smoothly, that is switched to an emergency program or the like. This means that, in general, maintenance can also be simplified, since safety equipment no longer needs to be examined in detail as a separate construction unit.
    An elevator command or a control unit receives, among others, user commands, for example, by pressing buttons when the cabin is called by a user standing in front of the elevator or when a floor to be accessed is selected. However, the elevator / control unit control can also control the motor regulation of the drive motor during regular operation (soft start, braking, standby operation, etc.).
    If there are several doors, then the journey can only be started or continued when all parts are locked. Accordingly, it is appropriate that the respective sensors that are respectively connected to a port, are connected in series.
    The first safety circuit features, for example, opening switches and a relay / switch as an interrupting device.
    4/27
    Interrupt switches can be performed on conventional safety circuits as electromechanical switches. If an open line state, ie the first safety circuit interrupted, is provided, then it also opens the relay or switch and interrupts, for example, an elevator motor.
    The safety equipment, in a way, can be considered as a replacement circuit for individual opening switches or for all opening switches that monitor the closing state or the locking state of the door. In principle, the safety equipment can also be a second safety circuit.
    In an improvement of the present invention, the interrupting device is executed as a controller that has a connection to the safety equipment, the transmission device being prepared to switch the switching unit. The controller therefore assumes the transmission of two control data / signals to the control unit and in the event of an interruption it also switches the switching unit, so that it causes an interruption in the 1 safety circuit. This means that the drive is switched off.
    The transmission device can also be prepared to receive data and / or control signals from the control unit, making it advantageous to exchange data. It would be imaginable that the control unit requests the current operational state through a command and then receives the response data for the operating state of the controller or that the control unit regularly performs a check of the controller. This measure can also simplify maintenance and improve maintenance susceptibility.
    It is also conceivable that the control unit receives a signal via another l / O interface (for example, the emergency switch in the cabin), so that for safety reasons it sends a command to the switching unit of the safety equipment to the interruption of the safety circuit, although the sensors indicate regular operation (for example, locked doors).
    5/27
    This device makes it possible, as it were, for the safety circuit or the arrangement of sensors as a separate device to be decoupled. This can be advantageous especially when a device with comparatively high voltages is required for the interrupting device. Such a device has the corresponding disadvantages in assembly or maintenance, since eventually conductive parts of tension with relatively high tension could be touched; in the safety device according to the present invention these disadvantages can be avoided. The safety circuit itself, however, can be operated at relatively low voltages.
    Accordingly, the safety equipment, in an embodiment of the present invention, can be performed as a second safety circuit comprising at least two sensors that, depending on a state of closure that needs to be determined by the sensors, can be switched between at least two switching states. For example, the closing or locking status of the elevator door can be determined by the sensors. The interrupting device, however, can be prepared, among others, depending on the switching status of a switching unit (not the sensor directly) to interrupt and / or continue the drive. The switching unit, in turn, can be switched between at least two switching states through its connection with the safety circuit. Thus, the interrupting device and the switching of the interrupting device, in fact, depend on the safety circuit, however, not directly coupled to it, but, indirectly, through an interconnected switching unit.
    In addition, the sensors, in turn, can be connected in series. Especially when such decoupling has occurred, it is advantageous to recognize a failure state of a sensor. In a common series connection, however, only the circuit interruption itself can be perceived regularly, however, which sensor is currently interrupted because of a defect. In the case of a large number of sensors, the check
    6/27 tion during maintenance means the respective expenditure of time and therefore also costs. This can be solved by the fact that an indicating device is provided to indicate the switching states of the individual sensors with the conjugation of the different switching states to the respective sensors. In principle, a corresponding indicating device is able to indicate which sensor currently has which switching state, or which sensor does not currently have a certain switching state, for example, which sensor is open.
    In particular, in an improvement of the present invention, the safety equipment can also be implemented as a bus system, the sensors having an electronic unit respectively. The sensor is connected to the bus via a corresponding sensor unit. Such a bus enables data transmission and / or exchange. For example, data from individual sensors can then be read using a command. In principle, a bus functioning bidirectionally is conceivable, where data can be transmitted and received. However, in principle, a unidirectional bus is also conceivable. The data can represent switching states, but sensor identification data can also be transmitted which give information about which sensor it is. This identification data, for example, can also be addressing the different sensors. In this way, in an especially elegant way it is possible to read which of the sensors currently indicates a certain state. In addition, bus systems can also function particularly quickly, which can also contribute to greater safety.
    In a preferred improvement of the present invention, at least one of the sensors is constructed as follows: a sensor for safety devices for lifting devices that can move a cabin through a drive, where the sensor is executed as an optical sensor comprising a transmitter to send an optical signal and a
    7/27 receiver to receive hi optical signal. It is particularly advantageous in the sensor that it can operate without contact, that is, without wear. In addition, the sensor therefore has no or less voltage-conducting contact surfaces and is also easy to install. For this reason, the sensor according to the present invention can replace the so-called interlock switch of the prior art. In addition, this sensor makes it possible that, unlike an electromechanical switch, there is no need to interrupt the circuit.
    Thanks to the sensor, a defect that occurs, for example, in sensors and electromechanical contacts, due to burning contact as a result of sparks discharging at the opening or closing of the electrical contacts, can also be prevented, and ultimately, they can cause loss of function. .
    Due to the fact that in the sensor the circuit does not need to be interrupted, unlike a switch, advantageously an improved diagnosis of defects is possible.
    As an alternative to the optical sensor, a sensor that works in an inductive or capacitive manner is also conceivable. In the case of an inductive sensor, a voltage is introduced through a coil or an inductance that basically depends on the chronological change of a magnetic field (duration of changes, intensity of changes or distance from the exciter of the magnetic field etc.) and can be measured . In a capacitive sensor, a test capacity is measured, and the capacity, among others, depends on the distance of the capacitor or dielectric plates between the capacitor plates, that is, of a material that is placed between the capacitor plates. A capacitive and inductive sensor also provides the advantages that are linked to the fact that, in principle, there is no need to interrupt the circuit as an optical sensor.
    In addition, a contact bridge and a contact receiver are provided to seat the contact bridge, which are arranged in such a way that the closing status of the elevator door can be determined by connecting the contact receiver and contact bridge. The state of
    8/27 sensor detection therefore depends on the approach of the contact bridge to the contact receiver.
    In general, an elevator has, on the one hand, a cabin that can be moved between different floors or floors. The various floors have respectively openings in the span in which the cabin can be placed in a stop position when it must access the respective floor. In this stop position, access to the cab is then possible. This access can be made possible by the fact that the elevator parts are opened and then, before continuing the journey, they are closed and locked again. Elevator doors can be span doors or cabin doors. The span doors are fixed or movable in the span opening area in the span itself. The cabin doors, in turn, are fixed or movable in the cabin. As a rule, each cabin door is respectively combined with a cabin door, both of which are arranged superimposed (at least partially superimposed) in the stop position. Such elevator or cabin doors can be monitored, for example, by means of the security device according to the present invention or in an embodiment of the present invention, especially by means of sensors with contact bridge and contact receiver.
    In order for the cabin to be able to travel or remain in travel, all doors must be closed and locked. The safety device then checks the lock and eventually interrupts the drive with the help of an interrupting device. In principle, the interrupting device or the interrupting circuit can activate the control unit for this purpose, so that it can be activated via the motor regulation. It is also conceivable that the interrupting device directly interrupts the current supply to the drive / motor.
    The respective sensor is then prepared to check whether the respective elevator or span door is opened or closed and locked. In the present case, it is especially advantageous to make the sensor similar. a plug connection, so that a contact bridge can engage
    9/27 in a contact span. In addition, this provision makes possible a device that is mechanically very stable. In principle, the sensor can be made in such a way that the contact bridge is housed in the gap of the contact receiver loosely or with closure due to the shape.
    In addition, the contact bridge is constructed in such a way that it comprises at least one transmission element for the transmission of an optical signal. In this way, especially advantageously, a fail safe circuit can be obtained, that is, a fail-safe circuit. Only when the contact tip through the respective connection with the contact receiver during the closing of the door has reached a specific position can the release for the trip be given. With only one light barrier, this would not be the case: the transmission element can be executed in such a way that the transmission of the optical signal takes place in a specific way, which is very difficult to manipulate and which is not carried out by a chance easily. If, for example, it was just a light barrier that would be interrupted when closing the door, then this would mean that the drive would also be released when, for example, a corresponding object, a fly or something similar interrupts the light barrier.
    It is also appropriate to arrange the transmitter or receiver in the contact recipient. The transmission of light through the transmission element can then take place only through the contact bridge. Due to this realization, a particularly compact design is possible.
    One possibility is to create the transmission element as a ã surface, which then reflects the optical signal or the light, only thus leading them to the respective receiver. The reflection surface can be arranged, for example, in a notch in a contact bridge. However, it is also conceivable that the transmission element contains an optical medium. For example, it is possible that the retraction of light in the passage of air into this optical medium is used to direct the beam of light in a certain direction, so that only then is it directed either to the receiver or not to the receiver. .
    10/27
    As an optical medium, a light conductor can also be provided. The optical signal is then transmitted when its light is coupled into the light conductor, it is propagated by the light conductor, reaching the receiver through the light conductor.
    It is especially advantageous to run the emitter as a light diode and / or the receiver as a photodiode. In this case, standardized electronic components are especially advantageous, contributing to cost savings.
    In addition, it is also imaginable that the contact receiver 10 comprises transmission elements for the transmission of the optical signal, for example, reflection surfaces or optical means, such as, for example, light conductors. It is conceivable that a partial section of the path of propagation of the optical signal from the emitter to the receiver occurs through a reflection surface or through a light conductor in the contact receiver. It is also conceivable that by placing the contact bridge the light conductor on the contact receiver or on the contact bridge is lagged in such a way that light transmission is possible.
    The sensor may also comprise an electronic unit for the evaluation of the receiver which is prepared to interpret the evaluation of the receiver in one of the switching states and / or in an electrical signal. This means that the electronic unit is prepared to generate an electrical signal or establish an electrical contact. However, since the mechanical closing state is detected in a purely optical path, this means that it is not necessary to re-establish a mechanical contact or a mechanical opening state in order to obtain an electrical signal. It is imaginable, for example, that the optical signal directly connects the receiver, for example, a photodiode, and that a line state can be reached (as opposed to an interruption). With this, an interpretation of the switching status of the sensor is certainly performed electronically. But, in principle, the electronic unit can additionally be prepared to allow an additional electronic connection. It can also be prepared, for example, to enable a connection to a bus. In
    11/27 Due to this performance, the low maintenance susceptibility can be further improved, since in essence mechanical contacts and sensors are avoided. It is also especially advantageous that as a mechanical contact only the contact bridge entry into the contact receiver is required.
    In order that no stray light from the emitter reaches the receiver by chance, a separation rib can also be provided for the optical separation of sender and receiver. This again basically decreases the possibility of errors due to a wrong interpretation of the signals. In addition, a diffuser can also be provided that diffuses diffused light. It is also conceivable that the receiver on detection is set to a certain limit value with respect to the intensity of the incident light, so that with a certain amount of diffused light that eventually falls into the receiver, even if a corresponding successive signal is not triggered, which should only be triggered when, through the transmission element, light falls into the receiver.
    The connection can be made in a particularly robust way, for example, where the contact receiver comprises a contact, and the contact bridge, a tongue-shaped splint, which in the contact bridge and contact receiver connection engages in the gap . It is also particularly advantageous that corresponding coding can be carried out, that is, that the contact bridge, like a key, needs to be made in a specific way, so that it can penetrate the contact recipient. This can especially increase the security of this device, in particular, when the contact receiver gap is performed in such a way that no hands can enter.
    At least two transmission elements can also be provided in a corresponding sensor that are arranged one behind the other in the direction of movement of the contact bridge, that is to say, when locking the door the contact bridge immerses respectively in the contact receiver and makes it visible first for the optical signal or the optical light beam
    12/27 of a transmission element (precisely, the first in the direction of movement). As the displacement continues, the next transmission element then becomes visible, while the previous one is moved out of the optical path. Therefore, several optical signals may appear with a chronological lag. It is also conceivable to run the electronic unit in such a way or to conduct the corresponding signals to another evaluation unit, so that, for example, the occurrence of the corresponding signals is checked depending on the time. In addition, conclusions can be drawn regarding the locking speed. This also allows a conclusion as to the state of operation and maintenance of the door locking device. In principle, moreover, the locking is monitored, not the door closing. Depending on how the corresponding transmission elements are arranged, or how many of the transmission elements are arranged, the accuracy of such determination may eventually be increased.
    - - - In principle, the first safety circuit can continue to have electromechanical opening switches. Eventually these must remain, for example, in an existing elevator system and not be replaced, for example, when retrofitting with optical sensors. Optical sensors can be provided especially for checking the regular locking of elevator doors. If the lift movement needs to be interrupted when the locking has actually been carried out correctly, however there is another case of failure, then the electromechanical opening switches can also be used to check for such failure cases.
    The sensors and / or the opening switches can be connected in series so that in the event of an interruption, the drive is stopped. Therefore, the circuit corresponds to a UND circuit (E), that is, the motor only works when all sensors or opening switches start directly, not interrupting the line.
    In the same way, a corresponding indicating device can be provided that makes it possible, for example, to identify which of the current sensors
    13/27 also has a certain switching state and is possibly defective. In an embodiment of the present invention the indicating device may also be connected to the bus.
    In addition, the sensor may comprise an electronic unit for the evaluation of the receiver which is prepared to interpret the evaluation of the receiver in one of the switching states and / or in an electrical signal. This means that the electronic unit is prepared to generate an electrical signal or establish an electrical contact. However, since the mechanical closing state is detected by a purely optical path, this means that a mechanical contact or mechanical opening state does not necessarily have to be established again in order to obtain an electrical signal. It is imaginable, for example, that the optical signal interconnects the receiver, for example, a photodiode, thus a line state (as opposed to an interruption) can be achieved. In this way, an interpretation of the switching state of the sensor is performed electronically. However, the electronics unit can also be additionally prepared to make a connection to another electronics. For example, it can also be prepared to allow connection to a bus. Through this realization, a lower maintenance susceptibility can once again be improved, since mechanical contacts and sensor in essence are avoided. It is also particularly advantageous that as a mechanical contact only the contact tip penetrates the contact receiver.
    In an improvement of the present invention, the electronic unit is prepared for communication with a switching unit, especially for transmitting switching states and / or identification signals. The switching unit is a component with which a line can be opened or closed through a switching process, similar to a relay or switch. However, the switching process is triggered when the sensors transmit a corresponding signal or corresponding information to the switching unit. It is especially advantageous that the line between the switching unit and the sensor does not need
    14/27 more be interrupted, as is regularly the case with a switch / relay.
    The electronic unit can be arranged especially inside or in the contact receiver where the sender and receiver are also located. The contact receiver can be arranged in the elevator device, for example, statically, whereas the contact bridge is arranged in a moving part and only represents the key to enable the transmission of signals to the contact receiver.
    A sensor can comprise exactly two connections which, on the one hand, are used for supplying with an electrical current and, on the other hand, for communication with the electronic unit. That is, the same line is used for communication that is also used for supplying electrical current. This measure allows for a particularly compact and inexpensive construction method. In addition, it is possible that in retrofitting, when, for example, a conventional sensor is replaced by a sensor according to the present invention, additional lines or connections need not be placed. ------ In addition, in a sensor, communication can be carried out by modulating its own sensor resistance. In the circuit with the switching unit, depending on the circuit, the voltage and / or current intensity can be modulated. This modulation then carries the information that must be transmitted. For example, it is conceivable, for example, a current circuit comprising sensors connected in series and a switching unit (also connected in series). If the resistance of a sensor is changed in sensors connected in series, then the current intensity changes. If, for example, a constant current source is used for the current circuit, then a change in resistance causes the voltage to be high, to compensate for the resulting reduction in current intensity that is first caused by the lower resistance. Modulation can therefore be the carrier of information. Changes in current or voltage intensity can be measured and can be interpreted as information. ..
    The switching unit, in turn, in an improvement
    15/27 of the present invention, is prepared to carry out communication with the sensors by modulating the current or voltage intensity. This action can happen through respective changes in resistances or adaptations of voltage or current intensity.
    In a series connection, it is especially advantageous if the sensor has a low through resistance. The resistance of a sensor can be, for example, in the range of 1 ohm to 100 ohms, especially in the range of 5 ohms to 20 ohms, preferably less than 10 ohms. Precisely in a series connection, it is advantageous to dimension the smallest possible resistance, especially less than 10 ohms, so that no voltage too high falls through the sensor.
    Accordingly, an elevator device according to the present invention with a cabin and at least one elevator door for opening and / or closing the cabin and with a safety device is characterized by the fact that a safety device is provided according to the present invention. In this way, the advantages already described can be used directly, among others.
    It is especially imaginable that the contact bridge is arranged in an elevator door, and the contact receiver in the cabin itself. But, in principle, an inverted construction is also possible, precisely: the contact receiver at the elevator door and the contact bridge at the cabin. Similarly, the contact bridge and the contact receiver can also be arranged on the span door and in the span or in the span frame.
    The contact recipient can also present a box with mounting elements and the introduction slot already mentioned for the contact bridge. The electronic unit can be made as a light conductor plate (abbreviation in English: PCB) with a light-emitting diode (abbreviation in English: LED) and a corresponding photodiode as a receiver. The separating rib can be arranged between the emitter and receiver respectively. In addition, it is also conceivable that corresponding contacts, for example, for contacting the photodiode allow a connection to the respective electronic unit. The electronic unit can also be
    16/27 intended as a separate component or integrated in another part of the elevator. In principle, the light closing between the emitter and the receiver can be transformed into an electrical signal. The contact bridge, in turn, can have a mounting plate, a corresponding tongue with optical fibers, in which case the respective optical fibers, with the tongue retracted, can lead the LED light to the photodiode. Eventually, the corresponding parts can also be pre-assembled.
    In the objects according to the present invention it is especially advantageous that almost no tension-conductive contact surfaces are provided, that is to say, that the assembly can be carried out in a very safe manner. The evaluation of the speed of the increase of the illumination in the photodiode or of the sequence of the light pulses of two light transmitting elements allows, in view of the maintenance state, the conclusion regarding the speed of the door locking. Therefore, information about the device's maintenance status or fatigue can also be obtained. In addition, there may be an assessment of the final lighting intensity in the context of the chronological development of the lighting. This can especially allow a conclusion on the depth of immersion and also on the safety of locking. Several transmission elements also allow dynamic detection. It is also conceivable to increase the robustness due to the fact that constructive measures are planned to cover the LEDs or the photodiode. Precisely through the execution of a contact recipient in the form of a gap this is made possible in an especially advantageous way.
    As already mentioned, a separate evaluation unit can be provided which, for example, can communicate with the respective bus via an interface. In the device according to the present invention, it is especially advantageous that no interruption of an electrical contact is foreseen, but only an optically transmitted signal is allowed or prevented.
    Another advantage of the present invention is that the device according to the present invention can be especially well retrofitted.
    17/27
    In an existing elevator system up until now it was especially disadvantageous that in the case of a sensor defect practically all sensors on the different floors needed to be examined in this regard separately. In addition, it may not be possible to recognize whether the defect is due to one sensor or several sensors, so that eventually all sensors need to be checked. The states of the sensors, that is, defective or not or open or not, can also be centrally indicated comfortably via an evaluation unit on a computer, operating table or the like.
    With a corresponding retrofitting process, the safety equipment can be used as a replacement part. The connection to the opening switches, for example, to the conventional electromechanical switches, can be cut. Instead, the safety device switching unit is connected. In elevators, therefore, the expense for retrofitting can be considerably reduced. It is usually enough to pull a longer connecting line across the floors. Both lines to the old opening switches can, in most cases, be cut uncomplicatedly at a point in the vicinity of the control center.
    In the context of retrofitting, a retrofitting device is positioned in an elevator device to be retrofitted, the elevator device having a safety circuit, which in the sense of the present invention corresponds to the first safety circuit and has opening switches. The retrofitting device comprises sensors that can be switched in at least two switching states depending on the closing state of the elevator door. In addition, the retrofit device comprises a switching unit that can be used in place of the opening switches to be replaced. The switching unit can be switched using the sensors. Sensors and switching units can exchange information, for example, by modulating the voltage / current intensity or the inherent resistance of the sensors.
    18/27
    Execution Examples:
    Examples of implementation of the present invention are shown in the drawings and are then explained in detail, indicating further details and advantages.
    They show:
    Figure 1 shows a contact bridge sensor with reflection strip and contact receiver according to the present invention, Figure 2 shows a contact receiver according to the present invention, Figure 3 shows a contact bridge with strips of reflection according to the present invention, Figure 4 shows a contact bridge sensor with light conductor and contact receiver according to the present invention, Figure 5 shows a contact receiver according to the present invention, as in Figure 2, Figure 6 shows a contact bridge with light conductor according to the present invention, Figure 7 shows the connection (chronological course) of contact bridge and contact receiver according to the present invention, Figure 8 shows a reflection strip sensor according to the present invention, Figure 9 shows a safety device with sensors, Figure 10 shows a safety device with safety circuit, Figure 11 shows with a bus safety device, Figure 12 shows a bus safety device and switch integrated in the switching unit, Figure 13 shows a circuit diagram for an elevator according to the present invention, Figure 14_shows a sensor with light conductors according to the present invention,
    19/27 Figure 15 shows a perspective view of the sensor according to Figure 14, Figure 16 shows in a schematic presentation how it happens in a safety device according to the present invention the communication with several sensors, Figure 17 shows a drive device with a safety device according to the present invention.
    Figure 1 shows a sensor 1 with a contact receiver 2 (gap) and a contact bridge 3, where the contact bridge has reflection strips 9 that reflect the light emitted by an emitter from the contact receiver 2 towards a contact recipient receiver 2.
    Figure 2 again shows the respective contact receiver with a sender 4 and a receiver 5 between which a separation rib 6 is arranged, precisely in front, side and top views. Reference 7 indicates mounting devices or mounting aids. Contact receiver 2 provides ~ additional electrical connections through which sensor 1 can be connected to the remaining sensor device or the safety circuit.
    Figure 3 shows a contact bridge in several views, precisely in front, side and top views. This also contains several aids for assembly 8. Slots are made in the contact bridge as transmission elements 9 that respectively have reflection surfaces. In total there are three reflection units 9a, 9b, 9c so that, in a way, dynamic contact detection is possible, since when the contact bridge 3 penetrates the contact receiver 2 or the optical light path, it first penetrates the reflection unit 9a, then reflection unit 9b and finally reflection unit 9c, thus making it possible to dynamically measure the signal in chronological dependence.
    Figure 4 shows a sensor 1 'with a contact receiver 2 (span) and a .contact bridge 3', the contact bridge having a light conductor. The light emitted by an emitter of the contact recipient 2
    20/27 arrives at the light conductor entrance 4 'propagating through the light conductor and exits again through the light conductor exit 5' so that it reaches the receiver of the contact receiver 2.
    Figure 5 shows again the corresponding contact receiver 2, as already described in Figure 2, which is also suitable for a sensor 1 'with light conductor.
    Figure 6 shows a 3 'contact bridge in several views, precisely in front, side and top views. It also comprises corresponding assembly aids 8. As a transmission element L, a light conductor is made on the contact bridge 3 'through which the light signal emitted by the contact receiver can propagate. Also visible are the light input 4 'and the light output 5'.
    Figure 7 shows such penetration of the contact bridge 3 (with reflection strips) in the contact receiver 2, and in position A the contact bridge is not yet in connection with contact receiver 2. In position B, the contact unit reflection 9a has just entered the optical path area and transmits the light path from the emitter to the receiver. In position C, the contact bridge 3 is in the exact position to interrupt the optical signal, since the contact bridge 3 in its height is just between the reflection units 9b and 9c, and the optical path is then interrupted . Only in position D the contact bridge that has completely entered into contact receiver 2 is in such a position that the optical path is not interrupted, and light can reach from receiver 4 through reflection unit 9c into the detector / of the photodiode. The reflection units 9 and also other transmission units, such as optical media, can take various forms and provide reflections or characteristic light transmissions, so that these respectively through the receiver or the electronic unit can eventually also be identified.
    Figure 8 shows a similar presentation, where contact bridge 3 enters contact receiver 2.
    A. Figure 9 ... again shows a safety device with several optical sensors 10, all connected in series. In addition, there is a
    21/27 series of other electromechanical opening switches 11 that can otherwise be used in an elevator. There is also a voltage source 13. All of these switches or sensors 11 and 10 are connected in series and connected to a switching unit 12. This circuit formed by a series connection of switches 11, sensors 10 and switching unit 12 constitute a safety circuit. If one of the switches is interrupted, the entire circuit is interrupted, and the switching unit 12 shuts down the motor M which is the drive for the elevator car. Electromechanical opening switches 11 can be opening switches of the known type. If one of the sensors 10 detects that, for example, the elevator is not regularly locked, then it sends the respective signal through the circuit that is received by the communication unit of the switching unit 12, so that it can shut down the M motor. Accordingly, the switching unit 12 partially assumes the function of a relay. But in addition, switching processes of the switching unit also depend on signals from the sensors. Therefore, switching unit 12 does not react only to line interruptions.
    Figure 10 shows a safety device with safety equipment, precisely a second safety circuit 14 with the respective optical sensors 10. This safety circuit is connected to the first safety circuit 16 via a switching unit 12 ', the first safety circuit which also has sensors 11. The switching unit 12 'is similar to the switching unit 12 and has the same operating mode. In the present case, in contrast to the switching unit 12 of Figure 9, the voltage source is integrated into the switching unit 12 '. In the first safety circuit 16 there is a switch / relay 15 which can also switch off a drive M. Switch 15 is only prepared to stop motor M in the event of a line interruption in circuit 16. If one of the sensors 10 is optically interrupted, then the switching unit 12 'is interrupted and thus the line of the first safety circuit 16. Switch 15 turns off the., motor M. In place of the common opening switches, the
    22/27 according to the present invention are assembled in a specific safety circuit 14 and through the switching unit 12 'are connected to the first safety circuit 16, the original one. In this, the safety circuit 16 may use in part the cables of the original safety device.
    In Figure 10 it is also shown how a retrofitting of a conventional device can be carried out, with the first original safety circuit 16 being cut at points U, and the second safety circuit 14 with switching unit 12 'is inserted respectively. Just a longer K cable needs to be pulled. The communication equipment for communicating with the control unit is not yet shown in the case.
    Figure 11 shows a corresponding device where instead of a second safety circuit as safety equipment, a bus 20 is arranged. The corresponding sensors 21 have an electronic unit that allows a connection to the respective bus 20. The bus is also connected to a switching unit 25, so that in the event of an interruption of one of the optical sensors 21, this in turn sends a signal to the switching unit 25, which in turn interrupts the first safety circuit 26. With switch 15, Due to the interrupted line of safety circuit 26, motor M is switched off. The switching unit 25 can be, for example, the master on the bus, whereas sensors 21 exist in the slave configuration.
    Figure 12 shows a device similar to that of Figure 8, however, in the case the switch 15 is additionally integrated in the switching unit 27, the switch being eventually switched off the motor.
    Figure 13 shows a diagram of the exemplary circuit 30 for an elevator according to the present invention.
    Figure 14 shows a sensor 41 in top view and in a side view with a contact receiver 42 and a contact bridge 43 where a light conductor 44 is arranged. In the present case, the entire contact bridge 43 is executed as a conductor of light 44, that is, it consists of the corresponding meiocotic. The contact recipient 42 comprises a sender 45 and
    23/27 a receiver 46 for sending / receiving optical signals. The optical signal sent by the emitter 45 can, as soon as the contact receiver 42 has housed the contact bridge 43, propagate through the light conductor 44, thus reaching the receiver 46. The contact bridge 43 (or the contact conductor) light 44) has a U-shape 5 and engages, when inserted into contact receiver 42, with only two legs in the two spans of contact receiver 42. According to this, light conductor 44 is also U-shaped Figure 15 shows sensor 41 again in perspective view.
    Figure 16 shows a schematic presentation of communication on the second safety circuit 14 between controller 57 of the switching unit and the various sensors 10 or their microcontrollers pC. The communication from controller 57 to the various sensors is made through current modulation, whereas, vice versa, from sensor 10 to controller 57, voltage modulation takes place.
    Regular changes in current or voltage or considerable modulations are necessary, since, due to the long cable lengths present in the elevator system, the change would not be perceived otherwise. For example, current changes in the factor 3 range are imaginable.
    Units 50, 51 correspond to a sensor, respectively.
    References 52, 53 are changeable resistors. An alterable resistance is combined with each sensor. The resistance change can be carried out in several ways: It is conceivable that resistors are connected to others in parallel, causing the total resistance to decrease respectively. But it is also imaginable that from the point of view of the circuit technique, for example, by blocking individual transistors, the resistance is influenced. The change in resistance can be influenced optically, for example, through phototransistors, photodiodes, optical couplers or the like.
    The circuit comprises constant current sources 54, 55, which ______ are respectively.prepared to adapt their voltage with a-resistance changing in the circuit in such a way that a constant current flows. The alter
    24/27 resistor ration (communication: controller 57 for sensor 10) regulates the constant current source 54 to a constant current intensity, so that the voltage measured using the voltage measuring device 56 changes.
    When one more constant current source 55 is connected, the current intensity can also be modulated, that is, the voltage does not remain constant (communication: sensor to controller). The change in voltage applied to the circuit can be detected by means of a voltage measuring device 58.
    Via an output 60, the status of the different sensors or other sensor data can then be informed. Relay 59 is controlled via microcontroller 57 according to the sensors.
    A switching unit 12 is shown in Figure 16, for example, Figure 9 also shows a switching unit 12 or Figure 10 shows a switching unit 12 '. The switching unit 12 'comprises a further voltage source. The switching unit 12 of Figure 9 also includes in particular the function of a relay which, in case of line interruption, can also shut down the motor Μ. The switching unit 12 in Figure 16 is connected to a (second) safety circuit 14.
    Accordingly, Figure 17 shows a complete drive device according to the present invention. The drive device comprises a drive circuit N through which the motor M that drives from the cab is driven. The safety device corresponds in essence to that of Figure 10. The switching unit 12 'of Figure 10 is shown schematically in Figure 17 as a switching unit 106 comprising an interrupting device 104 and a communication device or a controller 105 for data exchange with the control unit or the elevator control 100 via a data line 103. The elevator control 100 can also communicate with other elevator equipment via input / output interfaces 101 - (l / O ). In addition, the elevator control 100 is connected to the motor regulation 102 which, in turn, is connected to the drive circuit
    25/27 ment N for motor control Μ. The elevator control 100 transmits data via an L / O interface to an indicating device (not shown in detail) or to the elevator control center, among others, also the data relating to the status of the safety device. In addition, the elevator control 100, in the event of a fault or, for example, a lock on the elevator door, can not only indicate this status, but also activate the motor regulation 102 regarding circuit interruption actuation N.
    REFERENCE LIST
    Sensor
    T Sensor
    Contact Receiver
    Contact bridge
    3 'Contact bridge
    Issuer
    4! __._. Light conductor input -------
    Receptor
    5 'Light conductor output
    Separation rib
    Mounting unit
    Mounting unit
    Reflection surface
    9a Reflection surface
    9b Reflection surface
    9c Reflection surface
    Optical sensor
    Electromechanical opening switch
    Switching unit
    12 'Switching unit (with voltage source)
    Switching unit
    Voltage source
    Second safety circuit
    26/27
    15 Switch / relay 16 First safety circuit 20 Bus 21 Optical sensor with electronic unit 25 Switching unit 26 Safety circuit 27 Switching unit with integrated switch 30 Circuit diagram 41 Sensor 42 Contact Receiver 43 Contact bridge 44 Light conductor 45 Issuer 46 Receptor 50 Communication unit -51 Communication unit 52 Changeable resistance 53 Changeable resistance 54 Constant current source 55 Constant current source 56 Voltage measuring device 57 Switching unit microcontroller 58 Voltage measuring device 59 Relay 60 Output 100 Elevator control / control unit 101 Input / output interface 102 Engine regulation 103 Communication link 104 Switching unit switch 105 Transmission device / controller 106 Switching unit
    27/27
    THE Seen at first B Second-time view Ç Third time view D Fourth view 5K Power cable / line L Light conductor M Drive motor N Drive circuit M C Microcontroller of a sensor 10 U Interruption
    1/3
    权利要求:
    Claims (16)
    [1]
    1. Safety device for lifting devices that can move a cabin through an actuation (M), comprising:
    - a first safety circuit (16, 26) having a closed and an open line status, with an interrupting device (12, 15) to interrupt the drive depending on the line status of the first safety circuit;
    - safety equipment (14, 20) comprising at least two sensors (1, T, 10, 21, 41), which, depending on the closing state of the elevator door, can be switched between at least two switching states, characterized by the fact that there is a switching unit (12, 12 ', 12, 25, 27) that together with the safety equipment (14, 20) can be switched between at least two switching states and that is designed for provide the closed and / or open line status of the first safety circuit.
    [2]
    2. Safety device according to the previous claim, characterized by the fact that the safety equipment is made as a second safety circuit (14).
    [3]
    3. Safety device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by the fact that the safety equipment is performed as a bus system (20), with the sensors having respectively an electronic unit that is connected to the bus, so that the circuit states of the sensors and / or the sensor identification data can be consulted and / or transmitted via the bus.
    [4]
    Security device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one of the sensors (1, 10) comprises a contact bridge (3) and a contact socket (2) to house the contact bridge , which are arranged in such a way that the closing status of the elevator door can be determined through the connection of the contact socket and contact bridge, the sensor being a sensor
    2/3 optical that has an emitter (4) to send an optical signal, and a receiver (5) to receive the optical signal, the emitter and receiver being arranged in the contact socket, and the contact bridge comprises at least at least one transmission element (9; 9a, 9b, 9c) for the transmission of the optical signal.
    [5]
    Safety device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the first safety circuit comprises at least one electromechanical switch (11).
    [6]
    6. Safety device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by the fact that at least two of the sensors (10) are connected in series.
    [7]
    Safety device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by the fact that an indicating device is provided to indicate the switching status of the different sensors with the combination of the different switching states to the respective sensors.
    [8]
    8. Safety device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by the fact that there is an indicating device that is connected to the bus and is prepared to indicate, with the help of the switching states and the identification data, which of the sensors have which switching state and / or which sensor has a certain switching state.
    [9]
    9. Safety device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by the fact that the switching unit is designed to communicate with the sensors by modulating the current and / or voltage intensity.
    [10]
    10. Safety device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by the fact that the sensor is designed to carry out a modulation of its inherent resistance (52) for communication with the switching unit.
    [11]
    11. Lift device with a cabin and at least one elevator door to open and / or close the cabin, and with a safety device for locking the elevator door during operation, characterized by the fact that the safety device is run as defined
    3/3 in one of the preceding claims and / or that a sensor is provided as defined in one of the aforementioned claims.
    [12]
    12. Elevator device as defined in one of the preceding claims, characterized by the fact that the contact bridge is arranged in at least one of the elevator doors and / or the contact taker, in the cabin.
    [13]
    13. Process for retrofitting a safety device as defined in one of the preceding claims in an elevator device.
    [14]
    14. Process as defined in one of the preceding claims, characterized by the fact that the lifting device comprises a safety circuit with at least one opening switch to provide an open or closed line state, characterized by the fact that in a first step the safety circuit is interrupted before and after the opening switch (U).
    [15]
    15. Process as defined in-one of the preceding claims, characterized by the fact that in a second step of the process, safety equipment is inserted where the switching unit (s) is used in place of the opening switch (s), and the switching unit is connected to safety equipment.
    [16]
    16. Retrofit device to retrofit safety devices for lifting devices with safety circuits, comprising a series circuit of opening switches, the retrofit device having safety equipment (14, 20) comprising at least two sensors, the sensors being able to be switched, depending on the closing state of the elevator door, between at least two switching states, and the retrofit device also has a switching unit that can be switched between at least two circuit states through connection with the safety equipment, the switching unit being able to be inserted in the safety circuit in place of at least one of the opening switches.
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    EP2604566A1|2013-06-19|
    US20130146398A1|2013-06-13|
    US8820482B2|2014-09-02|
    BR102012031603A2|2014-04-29|
    CN103159103B|2017-07-07|
    EP2604566B1|2014-03-26|
    CN103159103A|2013-06-19|
    BR102012031717A2|2015-10-20|
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    法律状态:
    2019-01-08| B03A| Publication of an application: publication of a patent application or of a certificate of addition of invention|
    2019-01-15| B08F| Application fees: dismissal - article 86 of industrial property law|Free format text: REFERENTE AS 4A, 5A E 6A ANUIDADES. |
    2019-04-30| B08K| Lapse as no evidence of payment of the annual fee has been furnished to inpi (acc. art. 87)|Free format text: REFERENTE AO ARQUIVAMENTO PUBLICADO NA RPI 2506 DE 15/01/2019. |
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    EP20110009794|EP2604566B1|2011-12-12|2011-12-12|Safety device and lift device|
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